You wouldn’t believe how often I see students playing piano while using extremely awkward fingering, and I’m sure that this is something which interests beginners and intermediate players alike.

Even though you may not think so, this is in fact a controversial topic.

While many people believe that proper fingering is essential when playing the piano, others feel that free-style is better.

So, let me go ahead and discuss how I feel about this issue.

First of all, everyone has different fingers in terms of length, but one common factor is that our thumbs are shorter than our other fingers.

As a rule (or rule of thumb), the thumb is the strongest finger of all. Thumb, index finger (2nd), and long finger (3rd) are the most used fingers for piano playing. The fourth finger and fifth finger are weaker fingers.

Here are some tips concerning fingering which you should certainly consider:

1. Never use the thumb to play a black key. The exceptions are a) when you are playing a piece that has all black notes. b) when you are playing a group of keys where there are black and white keys. For example if your right hand is to play Bb, D, and F together in Bb major chord root position,your thumb will play Bb (black note) in this case.

Thumbs are not meant to be used for black key because of its length.The most used fingers for black notes are the 2nd and the 3rd fingers. If you are playing certain scales that start with a black key such as Bb major, Eb major, Ab major, etc. You will use 2nd or 3rd finger to play the first scale note instead of the thumb.

2. When playing melody with the right hand, if there are keys that are out of reach, you may move the hand to play the note. If the key is only a couple steps down from the thumb, you may use the thumb as an anchor and cross the second finger over to reach the note on the left side of the thumb. You do not need to move the hand. Only move the second finger over.

As soon as the second finger has played the key, you’ll notice that your thumb will immediately follow across in order to play the other note situated on the left of the key.

3. Same rule applies to left hand.

4. Whenever you have an opportunity you should watch experienced players, and you should pay particular attention to their fingering. Ideally, you should try to watch those who have plenty of experience in playing classical music; because you can be rest assured that they’ve spent several years going through the necessary repertoires. Of course, you should also try to imitate their finger movements.

Important note: The purpose of good fingering is to guarantee “smoothness” in musical passages.

This is especially important in the piano work of Bach (prelude, fugues, and others) and many Classical composers. Very often, a slight change in piano fingering could cause a disruption of the whole phrasing. For improvisational and accompaniment pieces, strict piano fingering becomes less critical. In fact, every time I improvise I use different fingering combination. This is because my mood and rhythm change when I improvise, this also affects the combination of fingers I use.

You’ll also notice that musical pieces which have been edited by different editors tend to have changes in terms of fingering. For example, you’ll notice different fingering suggestions for the “Sonatina” piece composed by Clementi, depending on the different editors. While some prefer to use the second finger more often, others favor the third finger instead.

To end off: you can pay less attention to which finger you are using if you’re improvising, providing you apply the rules which have been discussed above.

Remember, if you become too radical with regards to fingering, there’s a strong possibility that it will distract you enough to interfere with the flow of your music. After all, playing piano is all about conveying music, and your aim should always be to maintain a steady, smooth flow. Lastly, always make sure that the pedals are being pressed at the right time.